According to a 2021 article from Harvard Medicine Magazine, it has been estimated that roughly 80% of the 12,000 people who die annually from heat-related illnesses are over 60. Heat stroke is the most serious case of heat-related illness. If you’re considering moving to an assisted living facility in Arizona, it’s something you should be aware of. Keep reading to learn more about detecting heat stroke and how to prevent it in seniors.
What Is Heat Stroke?
Heat stroke occurs when the body overheats and becomes unable to cool itself, resulting in a temperature at or above 104 degrees. If left untreated, heat stroke can damage the brain, kidneys, heart, and muscles. While there are benefits of assisted living in Arizona, the risk of heatstroke is higher given the desert climate. Plus, seniors are already more likely to experience heat stroke.
Why Are Seniors More Vulnerable to Heat Stroke?
Many factors put seniors at a higher risk of heat stroke, according to the Mayo Clinic and the National Institute on Aging (NIH), such as:
- A slower central nervous system causes a slower reaction to excessive heat.
- This age group is more likely to struggle to stay hydrated.
- This age group is more likely to have issues with weight (over or underweight).
- This age group is more likely to be on medication that makes heat stroke more common, such as diuretics, sedatives, tranquilizers, or drugs that treat high blood pressure.
- This age group is more likely to be on multiple prescription medications, which increases the chance of heat stroke.
- This age group is more likely to have underlying health conditions that make heat stroke more likely, such as diseases involving the heart, lungs, or kidneys.
What Are the Early Signs and Symptoms of Heat Stroke in Seniors?
According to the Mayo Clinic, elderly heat stroke symptoms include:
- A body temperature at or above 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius)
- Changes in mood and mental state, such as disorientation, moodiness, and slurred speech
- Headache
- Nausea and/or vomiting
- Heatstroke brought on by hot weather may result in a lack of sweat with skin that is hot and dry to the touch
- Flushing and redness of the skin
- High heart rate
- Heavy breathing
What Should You Do If a Senior Is Showing Signs of Heat Stroke?
The Mayo Clinic notes that if you suspect anyone is experiencing heat stroke, you should seek immediate medical attention by calling 911. While you’re waiting for emergency help to arrive, follow emergency treatment by:
- Getting the person somewhere cool
- Removing any excess clothing
- Cooling the person by any means necessary
Ways you could cool the patient:
- Help the patient get into a cool bath or shower
- Spray them with a cool garden hose
- Sit them in front of a fan and spray cool water on them
- Place cool wash clothes and/or ice packs on their head, underarms, neck, and groin
How Can Family Members Identify Heat Exhaustion Before It Turns Into Heat Stroke?
Heat exhaustion is the stage of heat-related illness before heat stroke. According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, heat exhaustion is characterized by a loss of water and salt in the body from sweating when the body is exposed to excessive heat. Symptoms of heat exhaustion can include:
- Muscle spasms
- A body temperature that’s over 100.4 degrees
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Headache
- Lethargy
- Anxiety
- Feeling as if you may faint
Tips for Preventing Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke in Elderly Adults
People over 65 are at more risk of heat-related illnesses. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), recommends following these elderly heat safety tips to significantly reduce the chance of heat-related illness:
- Stay indoors in air-conditioned areas as much as possible (look for air-conditioning shelters if your home lacks air conditioning).
- Don’t rely on fans alone for cooling during heat waves.
- Don’t wait until you’re thirsty to drink water — drink as much water as your doctor recommends daily (especially on very hot days).
- Wear appropriate clothing (loose-fitting, light-colored, and breathable fabrics).
- Avoid cooking on hot days.
- Avoid strenuous activities (especially at the peak of the heat).
- Get plenty of rest.
- Take cool baths or showers to cool off.
FAQ
Are There Any Specific Medical Conditions or Medications That Increase a Senior’s Risk of Heat Stroke?
Health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, dehydration, or bacterial or viral infections, increase your chances of a heat stroke.
Prescription medications that increase your risk of heat stroke include:
- Amphetamines
- Antihistamines
- Anticholinergics
- Antipsychotic medications
- Benzodiazepines
- Beta-blockers
- Calcium-channel blockers
- Diuretics
- Laxatives
- Lithium (a mood stabilizer)
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- Tricyclic antidepressants
Ask your doctor if any of the medications you’re currently taking increase your risk of heat-related illness.
How Can Staying Hydrated Help Reduce the Risk of Heat-Related Illnesses in Seniors?
Dehydration increases the risk of heat stroke in anyone, but especially seniors. Staying hydrated helps the body regulate temperature and helps keep the body’s electrolytes balanced when you’re sweating. Water is the best thing to drink to maintain proper hydration, but you can also enjoy some fruit or vegetable juices and a sports drink as well.
What Types of Activities Should Seniors Avoid During Hot Weather?
During particularly hot weather, the following should be avoided:
- Going outdoors (specifically during the peak of the heat)
- Cooking
- Wearing excess clothing
- Drinking alcohol and caffeinated beverages
How Can Family Members Create a Safe Environment for Seniors During Heat Waves?
The best ways to keep seniors safe during extreme heat waves are to:
- Make sure they have access to an indoor air-conditioned area where they can rest.
- Make sure they have access to plenty of fluids.
Find Personalized Care With Haven Health
By knowing the warning signs and taking preventative steps, you can help your loved one avoid heat stroke. If you’re looking for Arizona nursing homes, check out Haven Health where you’ll find a broad range of services and personalized care.
Sources:
Dutchen, S. (2021). The Effects of Heat on Older Adults.
Heat and Older Adults (Aged 65+). (2024).
Heat-Related Illnesses (Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Stroke). (n.d.).
Heatstroke. (2024).
Heat Stroke. (2024).
Hot Weather Safety for Older Adults. (2022).